Grape - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody vines of the botanical genus. Vitis. Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. History. The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,0. Winegrape Fertilization Practices for Oregon. A fertilization program must also be based on the production system. Because boron is so important to grape production and B fertilizer is relatively. Although the wine grape research program at WSU Mount Vernon NWREC is no longer active, this page remains a source of information for grape growers in western Washington. It includes data and reports, variety descriptions, and. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine- making in human culture dates from 8,0. Georgia. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine. The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America. In North America, native grapes belonging to various species of the Vitis genus proliferate in the wild across the continent, and were a part of the diet of many Native Americans, but were considered by European colonists to be unsuitable for wine. Vitis vinifera cultivars were imported for that purpose. Description. Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 1. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes. Minor amounts of fruit and wine come from American and Asian species such as: Distribution and production. Top 2. 0 grape producing countries in 2. Approximately 7. 1% of world grape production is used for wine, 2. A portion of grape production goes to producing grape juice to be reconstituted for fruits canned . The area dedicated to vineyards is increasing by about 2% per year. There are no reliable statistics that break down grape production by variety. It is believed that the most widely planted variety is Sultana, also known as Thompson Seedless, with at least 3,6. The second most common variety is Air. Other popular varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Grenache, Tempranillo, Riesling, and Chardonnay. While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 2. By comparison, commercially produced . Because grapevines are vegetatively propagated by cuttings, the lack of seeds does not present a problem for reproduction. It is an issue for breeders, who must either use a seeded variety as the female parent or rescue embryos early in development using tissue culture techniques. There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario. In the UK, three different varieties are recognized, forcing the EU to use the term . While raisin is a French loanword, the word in French refers to the fresh fruit; grappe (from which the English grape is derived) refers to the bunch (as in une grappe de raisins). A currant is a dried Zante. Black Corinth grape, the name being a corruption of the French raisin de Corinthe (Corinth grape). Currant has also come to refer to the blackcurrant and redcurrant, two berries unrelated to grapes. A sultana was originally a raisin made from Sultana grapes of Turkish origin (known as Thompson Seedless in the United States), but the word is now applied to raisins made from either white grapes or red grapes that are bleached to resemble the traditional sultana. Juice. Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7. In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes. In California, Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red wine. Apart from potential benefits of alcohol itself, including reduced platelet aggregation and vasodilation. The amount of fermentation time a wine spends in contact with grape skins is an important determinant of its resveratrol content. By contrast, a white wine contains lower phenolic contents because it is fermented after removal of skins. Wines produced from muscadine grapes may contain more than 4. L, an exceptional phenolic content. Grape seed oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E) and high contents of phytosterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and alpha- linolenic acid. Their toxicity to dogs can cause the animal to develop acute renal failure (the sudden development of kidney failure) with anuria (a lack of urine production) and may be fatal. Growing Table Grapes 2 How grape plants grow. A grape is a fruiting berry of the deciduous woody vines of the botanical genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine, jam, juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and. Since no fertilizer is 100% nitrogen, use the chart to determine the amount of a specific type of fertilizer needed by your citrus tree. Although there is some limited evidence of positive benefits from the consumption of grapes for health purposes, extreme claims, such as its ability to cure cancer, have been widely derided as . Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 2. Isaiah 5: 2. 0. Grapes were also significant to both the Greeks and Romans, and their god of agriculture, Dionysus, was linked to grapes and wine, being frequently portrayed with grape leaves on his head. In Christian art, grapes often represent the blood of Christ, such as the grape leaves in Caravaggio. Christians who oppose the partaking of alcoholic beverages sometimes use grape juice or water as the . Many authorities maintain that grape juice must be capable of turning into wine naturally in order to be used for kiddush. Common practice, however, is to use any kosher grape juice for kiddush. Gallery. Flower buds. Flowers. Immature fruit. Grapes in Iran. Wine grapes. See also. Sources^This, Patrice; Lacombe, Thierry; Thomash , Mark R. Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture(PDF). Princeton University Press. Mitchell Beazley 2. ISBN 1- 8. 40. 00- 9. Walker, A. R.; Lee, E.; Bogs, J.; Mc. David, D. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. UN Food & Agriculture Organization. Journal of Medicinal Food. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal. American Heart Association^Alcohol. Harvard School of Public Health^Mukamal, K. J.; Kennedy, M.; Cushman, M.; Kuller, L. B.; Polak, J.; Criqui, M. American Journal of Epidemiology. Seminars in Vascular Medicine. Recent patents on cardiovascular drug discovery. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Louisiana State University. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Pennington Nutrition Series 2. No. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. C.; Sellappan, S.; Krewer, G. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. American Cancer Society. Retrieved August 2. J.; Girard, B.; Kopp, T.; Drover, J. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. I.; Tangolar, > S.; Torun, A. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. The Merck Veterinary Manual^Grape Leaf Significance. Retrieved on 2. 01. Justin Martyr, First Apology, and Chapters LXV and LXVII of The Ante- Nicene Fathers.^. The United Methodist Church. Further reading. Creasy, G. Grapes (Crop Production Science in Horticulture). ISBN 9. 78- 1- 8.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |